The Gospel of Luke is one of the four accounts of Jesus’ life and ministry in the New Testament. Its author, Luke, provides a unique perspective on Jesus’ teachings, miracles, death, and resurrection. But why did Luke write this Gospel? Understanding his purpose sheds light on its themes, structure, and importance for early Christians and readers today.
Luke’s Identity and Background
Luke was a physician and companion of the Apostle Paul, as mentioned in Colossians 4:14:
"Luke, the beloved physician, and Demas greet you."
Unlike the other Gospel writers, Luke was likely a Gentile. His background helps explain the universal themes in his Gospel, as he sought to communicate the message of Jesus to both Jews and Gentiles. Luke’s education and attention to detail make his Gospel distinct for its historical and orderly presentation of events.
Luke’s Purpose: A Message for Theophilus
Luke explicitly states his purpose in the opening verses of his Gospel:
"Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught."
— Luke 1:1-4
From this introduction, we learn several key reasons why Luke wrote his Gospel:
- To Provide Certainty: Luke wanted to confirm the truth of Jesus’ life, teachings, and resurrection to strengthen the faith of Theophilus and other readers.
- To Record Eyewitness Accounts: Luke gathered testimony from those who directly witnessed Jesus’ ministry to create a reliable narrative.
- To Offer an Orderly Account: Luke’s Gospel is systematic and clear, logically presenting Jesus’ story.
Key Themes in Luke’s Gospel
Luke’s Gospel reflects his purpose through its themes:
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Jesus as the Savior of All
Luke emphasizes that Jesus came for all people, not just the Jews. This is evident in stories like the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37) and Jesus’ outreach to sinners, the poor, and the marginalized. -
Compassion and Mercy
The Gospel highlights Jesus’ care for the outcast and downtrodden. Luke uniquely includes stories such as the healing of the ten lepers (Luke 17:11-19) and the account of Zacchaeus (Luke 19:1-10). -
The Role of the Holy Spirit
Luke gives special attention to the work of the Holy Spirit, beginning with John the Baptist’s conception (Luke 1:15) and continuing through Jesus’ ministry. -
Prayer and Praise
Luke records several prayers of Jesus and songs of praise, like Mary’s Magnificat (Luke 1:46-55) and Simeon’s song (Luke 2:29-32).
Luke’s Gospel in the Context of Acts
Luke’s Gospel is the first part of a two-volume work, with the Book of Acts serving as the sequel. Together, they present a continuous narrative: the life and ministry of Jesus in the Gospel and the spread of the early church in Acts. This connection reinforces Luke’s purpose to provide an orderly, comprehensive account of the Christian faith.
Why Does It Matter Today?
Luke’s Gospel reminds us that Jesus’ message is for everyone. Its historical accuracy, compassion for the marginalized, and emphasis on faith and prayer make it relatable and essential for modern readers. It also encourages believers to seek a deeper understanding of their faith and share it with others.
As Luke sought to provide certainty to Theophilus, his Gospel continues to inspire confidence in the truth of Jesus’ life and mission. It invites all readers to encounter the Savior who came to seek and save the lost (Luke 19:10).
